A. Examples of N100 Series ( N2SA = 121– 150)
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Table 5 ASTM Grades of Carbon Black
ASTM Class
N110
N115
N120
N121
N125
N134
N135
S212
N220
N231
N234
N293
N299
S315
N326
N330
N335
Iodine
adsorption
No., D 1510
(g/kg)
Oil absorption
number (OAN)
D 2414
(10À5m3/kg)
Oil absorption
number compressed
(COAN), D 3493
(10À5m3/kg)
NSA multipoint,
D 6556
(103m2/kg)
(m2/g)
STSA, D 6556
(103m2/kg)
(m2/g)
Tint strength,
D 3265
145
160
122
121
117
142
151
—
121
121
120
145
108
—
82
82
92
113
113
114
132
104
127
135
85
114
92
125
100
124
79
72
102
110
97
97
99
111
89
103
117
82
98
86
102
88
104
77
68
88
94
127
137
126
122
122
143
141
120
119
111
119
122
104
89
78
78
85
115
124
113
114
121
137
—
107
106
107
112
111
97
86
76
75
85
123
123
129
119
125
131
119
115
116
120
123
120
113
117
111
104
110
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N339
N343
N347
N351
N356
N358
N375
N539
N550
N582
N630
N642
N650
N660
N683
N754
N762
N765
N772
N774
N787
N907
N908
N990
N991
90
92
90
68
92
84
90
43
43
100
36
36
36
36
35
24
27
31
30
29
30
—
—
—
—
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120
130
124
120
154
150
114
111
121
180
78
64
122
90
133
58
65
115
65
72
80
34
34
43
35
99
104
99
95
112
108
96
81
85
114
62
62
84
74
85
57
59
81
59
63
70
—
—
37
37
91
96
85
71
91
80
93
39
40
80
32
39
36
35
36
25
29
34
32
30
32
9
9
8
8
88
92
83
70
87
78
91
38
39
—
32
—
35
34
34
24
28
32
30
29
32
9
9
8
8
111
112
105
100
106
98
114
—
—
67
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
N134—N2SA = 143 (Iodine No. = 142), OAN = 127. This high
structure N100 series rubber gives higher abrasion resistance than
N110 and high tensile strength. Well suited for truck and passenger
tire treads, especially for heavily loaded truck tires.
In the classification system before ASTM D 1765, the N100 series would have
typically been classified as SAF (super abrasion furnace).
B. Examples of N200 Series (N2SA = 100–120)
N220—N2SA =119 (Iodine No. =121), OAN = 114. Provides excellent abrasion resistance, high tensile strength, and good tear
properties. Recommended for passenger and, especially, truck tires
as well as mechanical rubber goods. In the pre-D 1765 system it was
classified as ISAF (intermediate super abrasion furnace).
N234—N2SA =119 (Iodine No. = 120), OAN = 125. N234 provides
superior abrasion resistance in comparison with N220 as well as
excellent wear and extrusion properties typical of the 1970s’ improved process high structure blacks. Used in tire treads including
high performance tires, retread rubber, tank pads, and conveyor
belt covers. In the old classification system it could have been an
SAF despite being in the N200 series.
N231—N2SA =111 (Iodine No. = 121), OAN = 92. This grade has
low structure, high abrasion resistance, and excellent tear resistance.
Used mainly in tires where resistance to tear is of primary
importance such as many offroad applications.
C. Examples of N300 Series (N2SA = 70–99)
N330—N2SA =78 (Iodine No. = 82), OAN = 102. This is one of the
most important basic blacks in the industry. It provides good economic abrasion resistance with high resilience, easy processing, and
relatively good tensile and tear properties. It has a wide range of
applications in both tires and mechanical rubber goods for high
severity applications. The old system classified it as HAF (high
abrasion furnace).
N326—N2SA =78 (Iodine No. = 82), OAN = 72. This is a carbon
black with significantly lower structure than N330. It has good
reinforcement and processability like N330 but with better tensile
and tear properties. Used in tires for carcass compounds, belt skim,
and steel cord adhesion compounds. It also finds uses in mechanical
rubber goods for high severity applications.
N339—N2SA =91 (Iodine No. = 90), OAN = 120. This is another of
the 1970s’ ‘‘improved process’’ carbon blacks that gives superior
Copyright © 2004 by Taylor & Francis
abrasion resistance, extrusion properties, and dynamic properties. It
has found use in tire treads and highly stressed mechanical rubber
goods.
All the grades above and any of the N100, N200, and N300 series carbon
blacks are known broadly as either ‘‘tread blacks’’ because most but not all
find application in tire treads or as ‘‘hard blacks’’ because they give much
higher durometer hardness to the compounds they are mixed in than other
broad groups known as either the ‘‘carcass blacks’’ (again because many but
not all find application in tire carcass compounds) or ‘‘soft blacks’’ (because
they give relatively lower durometer hardness in compounds they are mixed
into). Another distinction that one might come across is the tread grades
being referred to as reinforcing carbon blacks and the carcass grades as
semireinforcing carbon blacks. The carcass, or soft, blacks, are typically the
N500, N600, and N700 series carbon blacks, and some examples are given
below. There are no N400 series blacks listed in ASTM D 1765.
D. Examples of Carcass or Semireinforcing Grades
Carcass or semireinforcing grades include N500 (N2SA = 40–49), N600
(N2SA = 33–39), and N700 Series (N2SA = 21–32).
N550—N2SA = 40 (Iodine No. = 43), OAN =121. In the old system
this black was known as FEF (fast extrusion furnace) because
it provides fast, smooth extrusions and gives a smooth surface to
the extruded product. It also imparts medium abrasion resistance,
high strength, and low shrinkage and die swell. It is used in tire
carcasses, cushion gum, tubing, cable jacketing, and any extruded
goods that require excellent dimensional stability.
N660—N2SA = 35 (Iodine No. = 36), OAN = 90. This black was
originally known as GPF (general-purpose furnace) because of its
wide applications in tire carcasses, tubes, belts, hose, and many
other industrial products. The lower structure gives lower modulus
and viscosity than, for example, N550.
N762—N2SA = 29 (Iodine No. = 27), OAN = 65. Originally known
as SRF (semireinforcing furnace) owing to its good mechanical
processing efficiency and its ability to be highly loaded in rubber,
which make it useful in such applications as hoses, belts, tire bead
insulation, and plastics.
E. Thermal Grades
Thermal grades are very low in surface area and structure. For example, N990
has a nitrogen surface area of 8 and a OAN of 43. It can be highly loaded in
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