D. Purchase of Regulated Items

Commission (NCR). These are “agreement states.”

There are a few more definitions which will be useful. The federal regulations in Part 30

usually apply only to “byproduct material.” This refers to “...radioactive materials, other than

special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to

the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material.” The NRC definition of special

nuclear material is lengthy, but essentially it means plutonium, or uranium enriched in the

fissionable isotopes U-233 or U-235. There are naturally occurring radioactive materials which

are mostly unregulated and there are radioactive materials made radioactive by using

accelerators. These latter materials are regulated by the states independently, not by the NRC.

Exposure to some natural radioactive materials, such as radon, are federally regulated under

some circumstances.

There are a number of classes of radioactive materials which do not require a license. If the

amount is less than the exempt quantity for a given material, as listed in Paragraph 30.71,

Schedule B of the regulations, a license is not required. The amount meeting this criteria is given

in Table 4.1 for a few of the radioisotopes most commonly used in research. The units are in

microcuries where 1 microcurie is equal to 37,000 nuclear disintegrations per second, since this

is the way they appear in the regulations. A set of units different from these has been

recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, and is the one

commonly used in professional journals. In the International System of Units (SI units), the unit

of activity is the Becquerel (Bq) and is equal to 1 disintegration per second. A microcurie,

therefore, equals 37,000 Bq.

There are a number of other classes described in paragraphs 30.15-20 of 10 CFR, in which the

persons purchasing certain items containing radioactive materials are exempt from having a

license, although the original manufacturer must have had a specific license to allow production

of the unit. Among these are se1f-luminous devices and gas and aerosol detectors.

The amounts in Table 4.1 are very small and are usually exceeded in most research

applications. For practical research using radioactive materials, it is necessary to obtain a

license; a discussion of this will be deferred to Chapter 5. However, assuming that a license has

been obtained and a radiation safety program has been established satisfying the NRC (or its

equivalent in an agreement state; henceforth, when the NRC is mentioned, it will be understood

to include this addendum), there are still formal steps to go through in purchasing and receiving

radioactive materials.

In a research facility, it is common practice to establish a license to cover all users of

radiation at the organization. This is called a broad license and provides limits on the total

amount of each isotope that can be in possession of the licensee at any specific time. These

limits are normally chosen by the inst itution and approved by the NRC. If there are several

separate users, as is usually the case, the sum of all their holdings for each isotope,

Table 4.1 Exempt Quantities of Some of the Most Often Used Radioisotopes

Isotope



Quantity (pCi )



Calcium 45



10



Carbonl4

Cesium 137



100

10



Cobalt 60



1



Isotope

Iodine 131

Iron59

Mercury 203

Molybdenum 99



Chromium 51



1000



Nickel 63



Hydrogen 3



1000



Phosphorus 32



Iodine 125



1



Sulfur 35



Quantity (pCi)

1

10

10

100

10

10

100



including unused material, material ln use, and material as waste, must not exceed these limits.

Since each individual user cannot keep track of the holdings of other independent users, it is

essential that all purchase orders, as well as all waste materials, be passed by or through a



©2000 CRC Press LLC



radiation safety specialist, whose responsibility (among many others) is to ensure that the

license limits are not violated. Adherence to this and all other radiation safety regulations is

essential. At one time, the primary threat in the event of a violation was the possibility of

suspension of a license. This was such a severe penalty that it was invoked very infrequently.

In recent years, substantial fines have been levied against universities and other users who

violate the regulations and the terms of their licenses. On March 12, 1987, a city attorney filed

179 criminal charges against a major university within the city's jurisdiction and 10 individual

members of its faculty for violations of the state standards. This established a major precedent.

More recently, another university reached a settlement with the surrounding community to

conduct a $1,300,000 study of the possible dispersion of radioactive materials into the

community in addition to a substantial fine, because of their management of the use of

radioactive materials. As the previous edition of this book was being written, a major st udy on

the use of radioactive materials in “research” on possibly unsuspecting or involuntary

participants shortly after World War II was underway after release of hitherto secret papers.

Even at this late date, such information is still being discovered with significant political

repercussions about the propriety of such studies.

Unless a vendor has a valid copy of the license for a person ordering radioisotopes, they are

not allowed to fill an order. Since the radiation safety specialist is such a key person in the

process in any event, it should also be this person's responsibility to maintain current copies

of licenses, including any amendments, in the hands of prospective suppliers of radioactive

materials. At many facilities, the radiation safety specialist has been assigned virtually all

responsibility for ordering and receipt of radioactive materials. Title 10 CFR, Part 20.1906,

requires each licensee to establish safe procedures for receipt and opening of radioactive

packages. Although mistakes are rare in filling and shipping radioactive material orders, they do

happen, so it is highly desirable that the radiation safety specialist directly receive each package

of radioactive materials, check that its paperwork is correct, check the external radiation levels,

and check the containers for damage. It has happened that all of the paperwork conformed to

the expected material, but the wrong material or the wrong amounts of the ordered material were

shipped. Where it is impossible for the radiation specialist to always receive all packages,

provision needs to be made for temporary secure storage of packages until they can be

checked.

Many radioactive materials are used in the form of labeled compounds, often prepared

specifically to order. In some of these, the half-life of the isotope used in the compound is short

so that procedures need to be established to ensure prompt handling and delivery to the user.

In other cases, the compound itself will deteriorate at ordinary temperatures. These packages

are usually shipped packed in dry ice and must be delivered immediately upon receipt or stored

temporarily in a freezer until delivery. If it is necessary to ship radioactive

material, the material must be packaged according to Title 49, CFR 173. Again, the radiation

safety specialist is the individual who normally would be the expected to be familiar with all

current standards affecting shipment and be able to arrange for transportation according to the

regulations.

2. Controlled Substances (Drugs)

The purchase, storage, and use of many narcotic, hallucinogenic, stimulant, or depressive

drugs are regulated under Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1300 to the end. In

addition, these substances are usually regulated by state law, which in many cases is much

more stringent than federal law. The controlled substances covered by the Controlled

Substances Act are divided into five schedules. Schedule I substances have no accepted

medical use in the United States, have a high potential for abuse, and are the most tightly

controlled, while Schedule V substances contain limited quantities of some narcotics with

limited risk. For these materials, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), which is the federal

agency regulating the use of these substances, does not permit a broad agency license, but



©2000 CRC Press LLC



requires a single responsible individual in each functionally independent facility to obtain a

separate license, which spells out which schedules of controlled substances are permissible for

the facility to possess. This individual can permit others to use the controlled substance under

his direction or to issue it to specific persons for whom he will take the responsibility, but there

is no required equivalent to the radiation safety officer to monitor programs internally. Thus, the

individual license holder is responsible for ordering, receiving, and maintaining an accurate

current inventory for the drugs used in his laboratory.

One institutional responsibility that should be assigned to an individual or department is

monitoring the expiration dates of licenses. Although the DEA has a program which should

remind each licensee in ample time that their license is on the verge of expiring, experience has

shown that the program has not been entirely successful. An individual within the organization

should maintain a file of all licenses held by employee’s of the organization and take appropriate steps to see that applications for renewals are filed in a timely manner to avoid purchasing

of controlled materials on expired licenses. In organizations that have a pharmacy or

pharmacists on their staff, the senior pharmacist would be the logical person to perform these

limited regulatory roles.

Packages containing controlled substances must be marked and sealed in accordance with

the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act when being shipped. Every parcel containing

these sensitive materials, must be placed within a plain outer container or securely wrapped in

plain paper through which no markings indicating the nature of the contents can be seen. No

markings of any kind are permitted on the parcel which would reveal the nature of the contents.

The purpose, of course, is to avoid temptation for those who would steal the contained drugs

for illegal purposes.

3. Etiologic Agents

Hazardous biological agents are classified as “etiologic agents.” An etiologic agent is more

specifically defined as (1) a viable microorganism, or its toxin, which is listed in Title 42 CFR 72.3

or (2) which causes or may cause severe, disabling, or fatal human disease. The importation or

subsequent receipt of etiologic agents and vectors of human diseases is subject to the

regulations of the Public Health Service, given in Title 42, Section 71.156. The Centers for

Disease Control (CDC) issues the necessary permits authorizing the importation or receipt of

regulated materials and specifies the conditions under which the agent or vector is shipped,

handled, and used. The interstate shipment of indigenous etiologic agents, diagnostic

specimens, and biological products is subject to applicable packaging, labeling, and shipping

requirements of the Interstate Shipment of Etiologic Agents (42 CER Part 72). Packaging and

labeling requirements are illustrated in Figure 4.1.

In addition to the regulations of the Public Health Service, the Department of Transpor-



©2000 CRC Press LLC



F



Figure 4.1 Packaging or etiologic substances showing required details and labeling.



tation has additional regulations in Title 49, CER Section 173.386-388. Shipments are limited to

50 milliliters or 50 grams in a passenger carrying airplane or rail car, and 4 liters or 4 kilograms in

cargo aircraft. The U.S. Postal Service provides regulations covering the mailability of biological

materials in the Domestic Mail Manual, Section 124.38. All of these agencies provide explicit

instructions on how etiologic agents can be shipped. There are additional restrictions for

international shipments, covered by the International Mail Manual. The ability to make foreign

shipments is restricted to laboratories, by approval of the General Manager, International Mail

Classification Division, USPS Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20260-5365.

Whether a person or laboratory purchases a given etiologic agent should depend upon a

review of the facilities available for the research program, the training and experience of the

laboratory employees, and the type and scale of the operations to be conducted. If, as reviewed

in that material, the etiologic agent is one that would require the planned operations to be

conducted in a laboratory meeting Biological Safety Standard level 3 or 4, the purchase should

require the prior approval of the institutional biosafety committee. Operations and classification

of Microbiological and Biomedical laboratories will be covered in some detail in Chapter 5.

There are comparable restrictions for the importation, possession, use, or interstate

shipment of certain pathogens of domestic livestock and poultry, administered by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture.

For additional information regarding etiologic agents of human diseases and related materials, write to:

Centers for Disease Control

Attention:

Office of Biosafety

1600 Clifton Road, N.E.

Atlanta, GA 30329

For additional information regarding animal pathogens, write:



©2000 CRC Press LLC



Table 4.2 OSHA Regulated Carcinogens

Asbestos



4-Aminodiphenyl



Benzene



Coal tar pitch volatiles



Ethyleneimine



Coke oven emissions



4-Nitrobiphenyl



b-Propiolactone



Cotton dust



a -Naphthylamine



2-Acetylaminofluorene



1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane



Methyl chloromethyl ether



4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene



Acrylonitrile



3,’-Dichlorobenzidine



N-Nitrosodimethylamine



Ethylene oxide



Vinyl Chloride



Formaldehyde



Inorganic Arsenic



Methylenedianiline



(And its salts)

bis-Chloromethyl ether

b-Napthylamine

Benzidine



Lead

Cadmium



1,3 Butadiene

Methylene Chloride



Chief Staff Veterinarian

Organisms and Vectors

Veterinary Services

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Federal Building Room 810

Hyattsville, MD 20782

or call (301) 436-8017

4. Carcinogens

There are no restrictions on ordering known carcinogens. However, for the carcinogens

covered by the regulations in Title 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z their purchase for research

should be limited to individuals who formally commit themselves to complying with the terms

and conditions of the standards. As noted earlier, although the laboratory standard does

preempt most of the usual OSHA standards, where there exist specific regulations for individual

materials, these regulations still apply. To ensure that this is done, every requisition for

purchase of one of the regulated carcinogens should be referred to the institutional safety

department for review. This will normally involve a review of the research protocols to ascertain

if the use is liable to meet any criteria exempting the proposed program from some of the more

stringent and often expensive requirements. If the program does not appear to qualify for

exemptions, then the investigator and the safety reviewer should go through each of the

requirements under the standard to confirm that they can be met. Although this will seem

excessive to some users, it serves not only to protect the employees, but also to minimize the

potential for litigation for the research director and the academic institution or corporation.

There are a number of known carcinogenic materials, and the list is growing as the necessary

studies of suspected carcinogens are completed. It is recommended that purchases of these be

limited and exposures minimized as much as possible to promote the safety of everyone exposed

to the materials and in consideration of potential future regulatory restrictions. As discussed in

Section 4.III.C, for the purpose of the MSDSs, a listing as a carcinogen by either the NTP, or

the IARC is sufficient to be considered as one for the



©2000 CRC Press LLC



STATE OF CALIFORNIA

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT

SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1986

CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE TO CAUSE CANCER OR REPRODUCTIVE

TOXICITY

November 6, 1998

The identification number indicated in the following list is the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)

Registry Number. No CAS number is given when several substances are presented as a single

listing.

Table 4.3A CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE TO CAUSE CANCER

Chemical

A-alpha-C (2-Am ino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)

Acetaldehyde

Acetamide

Acetochlor

2-Acetylaminofluorene

Acifluorfe n

Acrylamide

Acrylon itrile

Actinomycin D

Adriamycin (Doxorubicin hydrochloride)

AF-2 ;[2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-n itro-2-furyl)]acrylam ide

Aflatoxins

Alachlor

Alcoholic beverages, when associated with alcohol abuse

Aldrin

Allyl chloride

2-Aminoanthraquinone

p-Aminoazobenzene

ortho-Am inoazotoluene

4-Aminobiphenyl (4-aminodiphenyl)

1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone

3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole hydrochloride

1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone

2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole

Amitrole

Analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin

Aniline

Aniline hydrochloride

ortho-Anisidine

ortho-Anisidine hydrochloride

Antimony oxide (Antimony trioxide)

Aramite

Arsenic (inorganic arsenic compounds)

Asbestos

Aurammine



©2000 CRC Press LLC



CAS No.

26148685

75070

60355

34256821

53963

62476599

79061

107131

50760

23214928

3688537

--------15972608

--------309002

107051

117793

60093

97563

92671

81492

6109973

82280

712685

61825

-------62533

142041

90040

134292

1309644

140578

--------1332214

492808



Azacitidine

Azaserine

Azathioprine

Azobenzene

Benz[a]anthracene

Benzene

Benzidine [and its salts]

Benzidine based dyes

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

Benzo[j]fluoranthene

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

Benzofuran

Benzo[a]pyrene

Benzotrlchloride

Benzyl chloride

Benzyl violet 4B

Beryllium and beryllium compounds

Betel quid with tobacco

2,2.Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine (Chlomapazine)

Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) (Carmustine)

Bis(chloromethyl)ether

Bitumens, extracts of steam reflned and air refIned

Bracken fern

Bromodichloromethane

Bromoform

I,3-Butadiene

I,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulfan)

Butylated hydroxyanisole

25013165

beta-Butyrolactone

Cacodylic acid

Cadmium and cadmium compounds

Caffeic acid

Captafol

Captan

Carbazole

Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon-black extracts

Ceramic fibers (airborne particles of respirable size)

Certain combined chemotherapy for lymphomas

Chlorambucil

Chloramphenicol

Chlordane

Chlordecone (Kepone)

Chlordimeform

Chlorendic acid

Chlorinated paraffins (Average chain length, C12;



©2000 CRC Press LLC



320672

115026

446866

103333

56553

71432

92875

-------205992

205823

207089

271896

50328

96077

100447

1694093

----------------3296900

111444

494031

154938

542881

----------------75274

75252

106990

55981



3068880

75605

-------331395

2425061

133062

86748

56235

---------------------305033

56757

57749

143500

614983

115286

108171262



approximately 60 percent chlorine by weight)

p-Chloroaniline

p-Chloroaniline hydrochloride

Chlorodibromomethane

Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)

1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) (Lomustine)

1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU)

Chloroform

Chloromethyl methyl ether (technical grade)

3-Chloro-2-methylpropene

4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine

p-Chloro-o-toluidine

p-Chloro-o-toluidine, strong acid salts of

5-Chloro-o-toluidine and its strong acid salts

Chlorothalonil

Chlorotrianisene

Chlorozotocin

Chromium (hexavalent compounds)

Chrysene

C. I. Acid Red 114

C. I. Basic Red 9 monohydrochloride

Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin A; Cyclosporine)

C.I. Direct Blue 15

C.I. Direct Blue 218

C.I. Solvent Yellow 14

Cinnamyl anthranilate

Cisplatin

Citrus Red No.2

Clofibrate

Cobalt metal powder

Cobalt [II] oxide

Coke oven emissions

Conjugated estrogens

Creosotespara-Cresidine

Cupferron

Cycasin

Cyclophosphamide (anhydrous)

Cyclophosphamide (hydrated)

Cytembena

D&C Orange No.17

D&C Red No.8

D&C Red No.9

D&C Red No.19

Dacarbazine

Daminozide

Dantron (Chrysazin; 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)

Daunomycin



©2000 CRC Press LLC



-------106478

20265967

124481

75003

13010474

13909096

67663

107302

563473

95830

95692

--------------1897456

569573

54749905

-------218019

6459945

569619

59865133

79217600

2429745

28407376

842079

87296

15663271

6356536

637070

7440484

1307966

--------------------120718

135206

14901087

50180

6055192

21739913

3468631

2092560

5160021

81889

4342034

1596845

117102

20830813



DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldlchloroethane)

DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene)

DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)

DDVP (Dichlorvos)

N,N*-Diacetylbenzidine

2,4-Diaminoanisole

2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate

4,4*Diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4*.Oxydianiline)

2,4-Diaminotoluene

Diaminotoluene (mixed)

Dlbenz[a,h]acridine

Dibenz[a,j]acridine

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole

Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene

Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene

Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene

Dibenzo[a,j]pyrene

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

2,3-Dibromo-1-propano1

Dichloroacetic acid

p-Dichlorobenzene

3,3*-Dichlorobenzidine

3,3*-Dlchlorobenzidine dihydrochloride

1,4-Dichloro-2-butene

3,3*-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether

1,1-Dichloroethane

Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)

1,2-Dichloropropane

1,3-Dichloropropene

Dieldrin

Dienestrol

Diepoxybutane

Diesel engine exhaust

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

1,2-Diethylhydrazine

Diethyl sulfate

Diethylstillbestrol

Diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DGRE)

Dihydrosaf role

Diisopropyl sulfate

3,3*-Dimethoxybenzidine (ortho-Dianisidine)

3,3*-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride

(ortho-Dianisidine dihydrochloride)

Dimethyl sulfate

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]1,3,4-oxadiazole

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene



©2000 CRC Press LLC



72548

72559

50293

62737

613354

615054

39156417

101804

95807

-------226368

224420

53703

194592

192654

189640

189559

191300

96128

96139

79436

106467

91941

612839

764410

28434868

75343

75092

78875

542756

60571

84173

1464535

-------117617

1615801

64675

56531

101906

94586

2973106

119904

20325400

------77781

60117

55738540

57976



3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)

3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

Dimethylvinylchloride

3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene

3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene

1,6-Dinitropyrene

1,8-Dinitropyrene

Dinitrotoluene mixture, 2,4-/2,62,4-Dinitrotoluene

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Di-n-propyl isocinchomeronate (MGK Repellent 326)

1,4-Dioxane

Diphenylhydantoin (Phenytoin)

Diphenylhydantoin (Phenytoin), sodium salt

Direct Black 38 (technical grade)

Direct Blue 6 (technical grade)

Direct Brown 95 (technical grade)

Disperse Blue 1

Epichlorohydrin

Erionite

Estradiol 17B

Estrone

Estropipate

Ethinylestradiol

Ethyl acrylate

Ethyl methanesulfonate

Ethyl 4,4*-dichlorobenzilate

Ethylene dibromide

Ethylene dichloride (1 ,2-Dichloroethane)

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene thiourea

Ethyleneimine

Folpet

Formaldehyde (gas)

2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole

Furan

Furazolidone

Furmecyclox

Fusarin C

Ganciclovir sodium

Gasoline engine exhaust (condensates/extracts)

Glasswool fibers (airborne particles of respirable size)

Glu-P-1(2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3*,2*-d]imidazole)

Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[l,2-a:3*,2*-d]imidazole)

Glycidaldahyde

Glycidol



©2000 CRC Press LLC



119937

612828

79447

57147

540738

513371

105735715

22506532

42397648

42397659

-------121142

606202

136458

123911

57410

630933

1937377

2602462

16071866

2475458

106898

12510428

50282

53167

7280377

57636

140885

62500

510156

106934

107062

75218

96457

151564

133073

50000

3570750

110009

67458

60568050

79746815

82410320

--------------67730114

67730103

765344

556525



Griseofulvin

Gyromitrin (Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone)

HC Blue 1

Heptachlor

Heptachlor epoxide

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexachlorocyclohexane (technical grade)

Hexachlorodibenzodioxin

Hexachloroethane

Hexamethylphosphoramide

Hydrazine

Hydrazine sulfate

Hydrazobenzene (1,2-Diphenylhydrazine)

Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene

1Q(2-Amino-3-methyflimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)

Iprodione

Iron dextran complex

Isobutyl nitrite

lsoprene

Isosafrole

Lactofen

Lasiocarpine

Lead acetate

Lead and lead compounds

Lead phosphate

Lead subacetate

Lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers

Mancozeb

Maneb

Me-A-alpha-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

MeQ(2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)

MelQx(2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline)

Melphalan

Merphalan

Mestranol

Metham sodium

8-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy

5-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy

2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)

Methylazoxymethanol

Methylazoxymethanol acetate

Methyl carbamate

3-Methylcholanthrene

5-Methylchrysene

4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)

4,4'-Methylene bis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine

4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)

4,4*-Methylenedianiline



©2000 CRC Press LLC



126078

16568028

2784943

76448

1024573

118741

-------34465468

67721

680319

302012

10034932

122667

193395

76180966

36734197

9004664

542563

78795

120581

77501634

303344

301042

--------7446277

1335326

---------8018017

12427382

68006837

71589

77094112

7500040

148823

531760

72333

137428

298817

484208

75558

590965

592621

598550

56495

3697243

101144

101611

838880

101779