So sánh hơn kém không dùng than (giữa 2 đối tượng)

•



Dùng giới từ in với danh từ số ít đếm được.



•



Dùng giới từ of với danh từ số nhiều đếm được.

adjective/ adverb + est

S + V + the most + adjective / adverb

least + adjective / adverb



in + singular countable noun

+

of + plural countable noun



John is the tallest boy in the family.

Deana is the shortest of the three sisters.

These shoes are the least expensive of all.

Of the three shirts, this one is the prettiest.

Sau cụm từ One of the + so sánh bậc nhất + noun phải đảm bảo chắc chắn rằng noun phải là số nhiều,

và động từ phải chia ở số ít.

One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson.

Kuwait is one of the biggest oil producers in the world.

Các phó từ thường không có các hậu tố -er hoặc –est. Chúng được chuyển sang dạng so sánh tương đối

bằng cách thêm more hoặc less; sang dạng so sánh tuyệt đối bằng cách thêm most hoặc least phía trước

chúng.

Sal drove more cautiously than Bob.

Joe dances more gracefully than his partner.

That child behaves most carelessly of all.

Một số các tính từ hoặc phó từ mang tính tuyệt đối thì không được dùng so sánh bậc nhất, hạn chế

dùng so sánh hơn kém, nếu buộc phải dùng thì bỏ more, chúng gồm: unique/ extreme/ perfect/

supreme/ top/ absolute/prime/ primary

His drawings are perfect than mine.



II. PRACTICE

1. I’m 40 years old. Jane is 30 years old.

=> I ...........................................................................................................................................................

2. Peter always gets mark 10 and Mary only gets mark 5 at Maths.

=> Peter.....................................................................................................................................................

3. The colour TV is more expensive than the black and white TV.

=> The black.............................................................................................................................................

4. My mother doesn’t speak English as well as my father.

=> My father ............................................................................................................................................

5. Your house is larger than mine.

=> My house ............................................................................................................................................

6. Nam can run farther than I can.

=> I ...........................................................................................................................................................

7. Mr Binh drives more carefully than he used to.

=> Mr Binh ...............................................................................................................................................

8. Lan is a better typist than Hoa.

44



=>Hoa .......................................................................................................................................................

9. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.

=> Apples .................................................................................................................................................

10. I haven’t got as much money as you.

=> You ......................................................................................................................................................

11. Hung is the tallest boy in our class.

=> Nobody ...............................................................................................................................................

12. Have you got a cheaper bike than this?

=> Is this ...................................................................................................................................................

13. No restaurant in the city is better than this one.

=> This restaurant ....................................................................................................................................

14. He is the worst guitarist in the world.

=> Noone ..................................................................................................................................................

15. She knows more about it than I do.

=> I .............................................................................................................................................................

III. CÁC CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ

1. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following

questions.

1. Bill Gates is one of ________ people in the world.

A. the rich

B. richer

C. rich

D. the richest

2. I am ________ at music than my old sister.

A. good

B. better

C. goodest

D. the best

3. Rita is ________ than the other students in class.

A. hardworking

B. the most hardworking

C. more hardworking

D. hardworkinger

4. Ice hockey is ________ sport in Canada.

A. popular

B. the most popular C. more popular

D. populariest

5. Garfield is ________ than Nemo.

A. the funniest

B. more fun

C. funnier

D. funny

6. That is ________ song this band has.

A. the most beautiful

B. more beautiful

C. beautifulest

D. beautiful

7. The China Wall is ________ wall in the world.

A. the longest

B. more long

C. longer

D. long

8. Cities are ________ than villages

A. busier

B. busy

C. the busiest

D. most busy

9. February is ________ than April.

A. short

B. the shortest

C. shorter

D. most short

10. Amalia is ________ girl in the class.

A. the cleverest B. clever

C. cleverer

D. more clever

11. German is ________ than English.

A. the most

B. difficult difficulter C. difficult

D. more difficult

12. Swimming is ________ than running.

A. exciting

B. more exciting

C. excited

D. the most exciting

45



13. Your new car is _______ than my old one.

A. the cheapest

B. cheaper

C. more cheaper

D. most cheapest

14. Travelling by plane is________ than traveling by ship.

A. fastest

B. fast

C. faster

D. more fastest

15. New York is ________ city in USA.

A. crowded

B. the most crowded C. more crowded

D. crowder

16. Of the four dresses, which is _______expensive?

A. the best

B. the most

C. the more

D. the greater

17. The larger the apartment, the_______ the rent.

A. expensive

B. more expensive

C. expensively

D. most expensive

18. The faster we walk,_______ we will get there.

A. the soonest

B. the soon

C. the more soon

D. the sooner

19. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were _______ I could find. ”

A. cheapest

B. cheapest ones

C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest

20. She plays the piano _______ as she sings.

A. as beautifully B. more beautifully C. as beautiful

D. the most beautifully

21: Nam is 5 years ______ than Hoa.

A. old

B. older

C. elder

D. eldest

22: Mary is the______ student in my class.

A. tallest

B. taller

C. tall

D. as tall as

23: Peter wanted to win the race. He ran ______.

A. so fast as he can

B. fast as he could

C. fast as he can

D. as fast as he could

24: Jim is five centimeters _____ than Tom.

A. tall

B. tallest

C. higher

D. taller

25: She speaks Chinese as ________ as I do.

A. well

B. good

C. very good

D. better

26: Lucy answered the questions ______ than Sarah.

A. more intelligent

B. most intelligent

C. more intelligently

D. intelligent

27: One of the ____ diseases mankind has ever faced is cancer.

A. worse

B. better

C. worst

D. best

28: Nancy plays the piano _____ beautifully than I do.

A. most

B. as

C. more

D. quite

29: It is ______ to talk about a problem than to solve it.

A. more easier

B. easiest

C. easier

D. easy

30: The situation continues to get worse and ______.

A. worst

B. bad

C. worse

D. badly

31: You have got a scholarship; you are luckier______.

A. as I do

B. than I am

C. than I have

D. than I do

32: The longer hours you work, ______.

A. the less tired you'll be

B. you'll be more tired C. the more tired you'll be D. the most tired

you'll be

33: Nowadays, young people ______.

A. don’t read as many as their parents used to

B. don’t hardly read much as their parents did

C. do more reading as their parents used to

D. don’t read as much as their parents used to

34: The more you talk about the situation, ______.

46



A. it seems the worse

B. the worse it seems

C. it seems worse

D. the worse does it

seem

35: “Could you talk ______? I'm learning my lessons.”

A. more quietly

B. as quietly

C. most quietly

D. so quietly

36: John said that no other car could go ______.

A. fastest than his car

B. faster like his car

C. so fast like his car

D. as fast as his car

37: The more you study, ______.

A. you will gain more knowledge

B. the more knowledge do you gain

C. you are the more knowledgeable

D. the more knowledge you gain

38: John works much ______ than we do.

A. more hardly

B. harder

C. hardest

D. hard

39: The longer he waited, ______ impatient he got.

A. the better

B. better

C. the more

D. more

40: The harder you try, ______ you get.

A. the best

B. good

C. the better

D. better

41. The better the weather is,

.

A. the most crowded the beaches get

B. the most the beaches get crowded

C. the more crowded the beaches get

D. the more the beaches get crowded

42. The more you practise speaking English,

. (THPT QG 2017)

A. the more fluently you can speak it

B. the more fluent you can speak it

C. the more you can speak it fluent

D. the more you can speak it fluently

43. The larger the area of forest is destroyed,

. (THPT QG 2017)

A. the most frequent natural disasters are

B. the most frequently natural disasters occur

C. the more frequent are natural disasters

D. the more frequently natural disasters occur

44. The higher the cost of living is,

. (THPT QG 2017)

A. the life of the immigrants becomes the harder

B. the hardest the life of the immigrants becomes

C. the harder does the life of the immigrants become D. the harder the life of the immigrants becomes

2. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

the following questions.

1. Richard feels good than several days ago.

A

B

C

D

2. Mary and Daisy are both intelligent students. Mary is so intelligent as Daisy.

A

B

C

D

4. The Caspian Sea, a salt lake, is the largest than any other lakes in the world.

A

B

C

D

5. He drives the car more dangerous than his brother does.

A

B

C

D

6. It was the most biggest building that I had ever seen.

A

B

C

D

7. I wish my house were so large as Jone’s.

A B

C

D

8. The Mekong is one of the longer rivers in the world.

A

B

C

D

9. She can play the piano more good than her sister.

47



A

B

C

D

10. Many people believe that New York is the most great city in America

A

B

C

D

11. His drawings are as perfectly as his instructor’s drawings .

A

B

C

D

12. The salary of a professor is high than that of a secretary

A

B

C

D

13. The duties of a policeman are dangerous than those of a teacher.

A

B

C

D

14. John’s car runs good than Mary’s.

A

B

C

D

15. The climate in Florida is as milder as California.

A

B C

D

16. Classes in the university are most difficult than those in the college.

A

B

C

D

17. The basketball games at the university are well than those of high school.

A

B

C

D

18. I feel more better today than I did last week.

A

B

C

D

19. This encyclopedia costs three times as more as the other one.

A

B

C

D

20. He visits his family less frequent than she does.

A

B

C

D

21. Jessica is only an amateur, but she sings well than most professionals

A B

C

D

22. This house is more spacious as that white house I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota last year.

A

B

C

D

23. They asked a lot of questions, checked their figures, and came up with best solution.

A

B

C

D

24. Almost everyone has heard the more famous Olympic saying: “Stronger, Higher, Faster.”

A

B

C

D

25. Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.

A

B

C

D

26. This telephone isn’t as cheap the other one, but it works much better.

A

B

C

D

27. Stories are the most good way of teaching moral lessons to young people.

A

B

C

D

28. The first skill to learn is how to write only the more important words, not whole sentences.

A

B

C

D

29. It is certainly true that the average woman has weaker muscles that the average man.

A

B

C

D

30. In 1925, he joined the advertising department of Doubleday Page and

A

B

Company, one of the most large publishing houses in New York.

48



C

D

3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in

meaning to each of the following questions.

1. They understand more than we do.

A. We don’t understand as much as they do.

..........B. We don’t understand anything at all.

C. They understand everything inside out

D. They are very intelligent.

2. It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French.

A. To speak French is more difficult than to speak English.

B. To speak English is more difficult than to speak French.

C. Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French.

D. Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking English.

3. My interview lasted longer than yours.

A. Your interview wasn’t as short as mine. ................B. Your interview was shorter than mine.

C. Your interview was as long as mine.............................D. Your interview was longer than mine.

4. When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I do now.

A. Now I don’t go climbing anymore.

B. I used to go climbing when I younger.

C. Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did.

D. I don’t like going climbing any more.

5. Your coffee is not as good as mine.

A. Mine is better than yours.

B. My coffee is better than your.

C. My coffee is better than yours.

D. My coffee is more good than yours.

6. I can't cook as well as my mother does.

A. My mother can cook better than I can.

B. My mother can't cook better than I can.

C. My mother can cook well than I can.

D. I can cook better than my mother can.

7. Murder is the most serious of all crimes.

A. Murder is very serious.

B. No crime is more serious than murder.

C. Everyone is very afraid of murder.

D. Murder is the dangerous crime.

8. No one in this class is as tall as Richard.

A. Richard is the tallest in this class.

B. Richard is taller than in this class.

C. Richard is the most tall in this class.

D. Richard is more tall than in this class.

9. This is the best music I have ever heard.

A. I’ve never heard better music than this.

B. I’ve never heard such a good music as this.

C. I’ve never heard so good music as this.

D. This is the first time I’ve heard this good music.



4. PASSIVE VOICE

PART A. Lý thuyết chung:

* Sơ đồ cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động:

Sơ đồ chung

Active

S

+

V

+

O

+

(place) +

thì hình thức



(time)



49



Passive



S



+

be

+ Vcột 3 /ed +

(place) +

by

O

+

(time)

số ít - nhiều

Muốn đổi một câu chủ động sang câu bị động thì phải xác định được chủ từ (S), động từ và túc từ

(O) trong câu song làm như sơ đồ. Chú ý động từ chính trong câu chủ động ở thì nào thì "be" ở câu bị

động chia theo thì đó.

I. Bị động với 6 thì không tiếp diễn.

1. The Simple present

S

+

V

+

O

S + (is, am, are) + VpII by

O

Ex: She cleans the floor.

2. The Simple past.



The floor is cleaned (by her)

S

+ V(ed/irregular) +

O

S + were,was + VpII

by

O

Ex: She cleaned the room yesterday.

The room was cleaned (by her yesterday).

3. The Present perfect.

S + have, has

+

VpII

+

O

S + have, has

been

VpII

+ O

Ex: I have bought the book.

The book has been bought (by me).

4. The Past perfect

S + had +

VpII

+ O

S + had been VpII

by O

Ex: I had met him before 4 p.m yesterday.

He had been met (by me) before 4 p.m

yesterday.

5. The Future simple.

S + will +

V + O

S + will be VpII

by O

Ex : I will buy the bicycle.

The bicycle will be bought (by me).

6. The Future perfect.

S + will have

+

VpII

+ O

S +

will have been VpII

by O

Ex : I will have met him by nine.

He will have been met (by me).

II. SÁU THÌ TIẾP DIỄN Ở THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG

Sơ đồ chung

S

+ be

+

V-ing

+

O

S



+



be



being



VpII



by



O



1. The Present progressive: S + (is, am, are)

+

V-ing

+ O

S + (is, am, are) being PP

by O

Ex : He is washing the clothes.

The clothes are being washed (by him).

2. The Past progressive:

S + (were,was)

+

V-ing

+ O

S + (were,was) being

VpII

by O

Ex 1. They were watching the play

The play was being watched.

3. The Future Present progressive:

S + will be

+

V-ing

+ O

S + will be being VpII

by O

Ex : He will be reading the book.

The book will be being read (by him).

4. The Present Perfect Progressive:

S + have/has been + V-ing

+O

50



S + have/has been being + VpII by O

Ex: She has been repairing the computer for 3 days.

The computer has been being

repaired for 3 days.

5. The Past Perfect Progressive:

S + had been + V-ing

+O

S + had been being + VpII by O

6. The Future Perfect Progressive:

S + will have been + V-ing + O

S + will have been being + VpII by

O

III. CÁC CẤU TRÚC KHÁC.

1. Modal Verbs

S + modal verb +

V (bare) + O

S + Modal verb be VpII

by O

Ex: 1. She can do the exercises

The exercises can be done by her.

2. Be going to:

S + be going to + V + O

S + be going to be PP by O

3. Have to/had to

S + have to, had to + V + O

S + have to, had to be PP by O

4. Used to:

S + used to + V + O

S + used to be PP by O

5.

It is + adj + to V + O

It is + adj for + O + to be + PP OR S + be + adj + to be + PP

IV. OTHER SPECIAL STRUCTURES

STRUCTURE 1: If the verb in that – clause is in the simple present:



S1+ V1(s,es)+that+ S2+ V2 +O

>> 1.( It is V1+ed/p2 + that+ clause không đổi)

2. S2+ V1+ed/p2 + to Vo …

People / they + think / say /suppose / believe / consider / report…+ that + clause

>> 1. It's + thought/ said/ supposed/ believed/ considered/ reported…+ that + clause



1. S + am/ is/ are + thought/ said/ supposed…+ to + V-inf

Eg:

People say that he is 108 years old.

1. It is said that he is 108 years old

2. He is said to be 108 years old

STRUCTURE 2:

If the verb in that – clause is in the simple past or present perfect:

Eg: They believe that she passed the final exam

1. It is believed that she passed the final exam

2. She is believed to have passed the final exam

Eg: People think he stole my car.

>>1. It's thought that he stole my car.

51



2. He is thought to have stolen my car.

STRUCTURE 3

Somebody + want/ like/expect + someone to do something

Somebody + want /like/expect + something + to be done

Eg:

Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.

Our teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully.

They expected me to finish my work early.

They expected my work to be finished early.

STRUCTURE 4

Somebody + see/make/let + someone + do + something (active)

Someone is seen/made + to do something (passive)

Someone is let + do something (passive) but we often say: someone is (not) allowed to do

something

Eg:

He made me stay outside yesterday. (active)

I was made to stay outside yesterday.

The teacher let us go home early last week. (active)

We were let go home early by the teacher last week.

often: We were allowed to go home early by the teacher last week.

I saw the thief climb the wall. (active)

The thief was seen to climb the wall.

STRUCTURE 5

Somebody + have + someone + do something

Somebody + get + someone + to do something

Somebody + have + something + done

"To get someone to do something" suggests that you talked to the person and convinced him to do

something.

"To have someone do something" simply states that you arranged for someone to do something,

whether or not that person did it voluntarily.

Eg: He had his waiter carry the luggage home.

He had the luggage carried home by the waiter.

I got the postman to post the letter for me.

I had the letter posted for me by the postman.

STRUCTURE 6

Don’t do something (active)  something mustn’t be done

It’s impossible to do something (active)  something can’t be done

It’s possible to do something (active)  something can be done

Eg: Don’t touch this switch.

This switch mustn’t be touched

It is impossible to do this

This can’t be done.

STRUCTURE 7

Somebody + advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend someone to do something (active)

Cách 1: Someone is advised/ begged/ urged/ recommended to do something

52



Cách 2: Somebody advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend that something should be done

Eg: He advised me to sell the car.

I was advised to sell the car.

He advised that the car should be sold.

STRUCTURE 8

Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is deternined/ is anxious +to do something

(active)

Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is deternined/ is anxious + that something should

be done

Eg: She decided to rebuild the house.

She decided that the house should be rebuilt.

STRUCTURE 9

Somebody + insist/ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + doing something (active)

Somebody insist/ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest that something should be done

Eg:

He suggested selling the radio.

He suggested that radio should be sold.

They advised enlarging the garden.

They advised that the garden should be enlarged.

STRUCTURE 10

Mệnh lệnh thức (imperative) + Object  S + should/must + be +P2/ Let+object+be+P.P

Eg: Turn on the lights.

Open your book, please!

The lights should be turned on.

Let your book be opened, please!

A. MULTIPLE CHOICES

Exercise 1:

1. Everything that _________ remained a secret.

A. had be overheard

B. had been overheard

C. had been overheared

D. would had been overheard

2. Everything ___________________________.

A. were forbidden

B. is forbidden

C. is forbidded

D. are forbid

den

3.Everything___________________________.

A. are going to be forgotten

B. is going to be forgotten

C. is going to be forgot

D. were going to be forgotten

4. I___________________________.

A. have not given the money

B. have not been given the money

C. have not been give the money

D. have not be given the money

5. It _________ for years.

A. has not be known

B. had not been known

C. had not be known

D. have not been known

6. It _________ that learning English is easy.

A. are said

B. said

C. is said

D. is sayed

7. John and Ann___________________________.

A. were not mislead

B. were not misleeded

C. was not misled

D. were not misled

8. Our horses ___________________________.

A. are well feeded

B. are well fed

C. is well fed

D. is well fee

ded

53



9. Peter and Tom _________ in an accident yesterday.

A. is hurt

B. is hurted

C. were hurt

D. were hurt

ed

10. South Florida and HawaiI _________ by a hurricane.

A. is hit

B. have been hit

C. have are hit

D. has been

hit

11. The battles _________ for liberation .

A. had be fought

B. had been fighted

C. had been fought

D. has been f

ought

12. We can’t go along here because the road........................

A. is repairing

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. repairs

13. The story I’ve just read_________ Agatha Christie.

A. was written

B. was written by

C. was written from

D. wrote by

14. I’m going to go out and_________

A. have cut my hair

B. have my hair cut

C. cut my hair

D. my hair b

e cut

15. Something funny_________ in class yesterday.

A. happened

B. was happened

C. happens

D. is happen

ed

16. Many US automobiles_________ in Detroit, Michigan

A. manufacture

B. have manufactured

C. are manufactured

D. are manuf

acturing

17. A lot of pesticide residue can_________ unwashed produce.

A. find

B. found

C. be finding

D. be found

18. We_________ by a loud noise during the night.

A. woke up

B. are woken up

C. were woken up

D. were wak

ing up

19. Some film stars_________ difficult to work with.

A. are said be

B. are said to be

C. say to be

D. said to be

20. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy_________ at.

A. be laughed

B. to be laughed

C. laughing

D. being lau

ghed

21.Today, many serious childhood diseases_________ by early immunization.[ sự miễn dịch]

A. are preventing

B. can prevent

C. prevent

D. can be pre

vented

22.Do you get your heating_________ every year?

A. checking

B. check

C. be checked

D. checked

23. Bicycles_________ in the driveway.

A. must not leave

B. must not be leaving

C. must not be left

D. must not

have left

24. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony_________ next weekend.[ Symphony: khúc giao hưởng]

A. is going to be performed B. has been performed

C. will be performing

D. will have perform

25. All bottles_________ before transportation.

A. frozen

B. were froze

C. were frozen

D. are froze

26. ___________________________.yet?

A. Have the letters been typed

B. Have been the letters typed

C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed

27. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where `______

___ for administration, broadcasting and education.

A. is used

B. it is used

C. used

D. being use

d

28. The telephones_________ by Alexander Graham Bell.

A. is invented

B. is inventing

C. invented

D. was inven

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