- Các cụm “both ... and ...” (vừa ... vừa), “not only ... but also ...” (không những ... mà còn...), “either ... or ...” (hoặc ... hoặc ...), “neither ... nor” (không ... mà cũng không ...) được dùng để nối hai từ đồng loại (danh từ, tính từ, động từ hoặc

They work hard both at home and at work.

Notes:

Động từ đi sau both ... and ... được chia ở số nhiều:

Both Mary and Linda are students.

2. Not only .... but also:

Cách dùng cũng tương tự như Both ... and:

Eg

: There are problems not only with teachers but also with students themselves.

She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.

Not only workers but (also) farmers take part in the strike

He studies not only Japanese but (also) Chinese.

*Note: Trong câu sử dụng “Not only ….but also…” thì động từ phải chia phù hợp với chủ ngữ đứng

trước nó.

E.g. Not only does he speak English but also speaks German.

E.g. Not only his friend but also his brother gives him presents

3.Either ... or:

c1: Cách dùng của “either ... or ...” cũng tương tự như “both ... and ...” và “not only ... but

also...”:

Eg

: I’m going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.

Either he could not come or he did not want to.

Either you or your friend is responsible for the damage.

My brother likes either footbal or volleyball.

c2: Tuy nhiên, ta lưu ý cách hoà hợp chủ ngữ và động từ:

Eg

: Either you or he is right.

Either he or I am wrong.

=> Động từ trong “either ... or ...” hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đứng gần động từ nhất:

4.Neither ... nor:

d1: Cách dùng của “neither ... or ...” cũng tương tự như “both ... and ...”, “not only ... but

also...” và “either ... or ...”:

Eg

: I am neither rich nor poor.

He likes neither the city nor the country.

She likes neither tea nor coffee.

Neither Tom nor his friends want to go camping.

Neither Tom nor Tim wants to go camping

d2: Tuy nhiên, ta cũng lưu ý cách hoà hợp chủ ngữ và động từ:

Eg

: Neither you nor he is right.

Neither he nor I am wrong.

=> Động từ trong “neither ... nor ...” cũng hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đứng gần động từ nhất:

d3: Và khi “neither” đứng một mình động từ được chia ở số ít hoặc số nhiều:

Eg

: Neither answer is correct.

Neither of them has/ have a car

5. Inversion

E.g 1. My mother doesn’t like drinking coffee, I don’t like, either.

My mother doesn’t like drinking coffee, neither do I.

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E.g 2. Linh is interested in learning English. I am interested in learning English, too.

Linh is interested in learning English, so am I.

E.g 3. Not only did they take care of me, but they also treated me as if I were their own daughter.

* When a clause with neither or nor is used after a negative clause, we invert the subject and the

verb after neither and nor:

E.g 4. He hadn’t done any homework, neither had he brought any of his books to class.

E.g 5. We didn’t get to see the castle, nor did we see the cathedral.

Exercise 1 Choose the word or phrase- a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. He neither drank …………… smoked so he had good health.

A. nor

B. or

C. but

D. also

2. She ……………hard but also gets on well with her classmates.

A.doesn’t only study

B. studies not only

C. not only studies

D.not studies only

3. Either you leave now…….

A.I will also call the police

B. or will I call the police

C. or I will call the police

D. but I will call the police).

4. Not only John but also his two brothers ……..football as their recreation every weekend.

A.play

B.plays

C. were playing

D.has played

5.……..Julia………….her sister are going to the park.

A.Both-and

B.neither-nor C Either-or

D.Not only – but also

6. I left it ……on the table……on the bookshelf……..

A. either-nor

B. neither-or C. either-or

D. Either-either

7. Now women work both before ……… after having children.

A.or

B. also

C.nor

D.and

8. She has neither read the book …….the film.

A.or seen

B. nor see

C. or see

D. nor seen

9. ………. were punished because they were late.

A.Both Tom and Ann

B. Either Tom or Ann,

C. Neither Tom nor Ann

D. All of Tom and Ann

10. The film was …..boring …..long.

A.either/or,

B.neither/and C. both/and

D. either/nor

11. She neither talked nor …….her feelings

A.show

B.showed

C.showing

D.shown

12. You must either go at once or ……..till tomorrow.

A.waiting

B. must wait C. wait

D. to wait

13. Either I or they enjoying the party now.

A.are

B. is

C. was

D. were

14. Neither I nor she ……… seen the film before

A. has

B. have

C. was

D. were.

15. Thomas Eakins studied not only painting ______ anatomy when he was training to become an

artist.

A. moreover

B. but also C. as well

D. and

Exercise 2 Write the sentences with either... or or neither... nor.

1. The library doesn't have the book I need. The bookstore doesn't have the book I need.

_____________________________________________________

2. We can fix dinner for them here or we can take them to a restaurant

_____________________________________________________

3. I'll never speak to you again if you don't apologise.

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_____________________________________________________

4. Brian doesn't play sports and he doesn't watch them on TV.

_____________________________________________________

5. Did Mrs Michael feed Lulu? Did Mrs Michael feed Archie?

_____________________________________________________

6. We didn't hear the window break. We didn't hear the thief come in.

_____________________________________________________

7. You may begin working tomorrow or you may begin next week.

_____________________________________________________

8. I suppose we could watch TV this evening or we could go out for a snack.

_____________________________________________________

9. My cousin can't draw well. He can't paint well, too.

_____________________________________________________

10. I haven't seen him. I haven't heard him speak.

Key:

1. Neither the library nor the bookstore has the book I need.

2. We can either fix dinner for them here or take them to a restaurant.

3. Either you apologise or I'll never speak to you again.

4. Brian neither plays sports nor watches them on TV.

5. Did Mrs Michael feed either Lulu or Archie?

6. We heard neither the window break nor the thief come in.

7. You may begin working either tomorrow or next week.

8. I suppose we could either watch TV this evening or go out for a snack.

9. My cousin can neither draw nor paint well.

10. I have neither seen him nor heard him speak.

Exercise 3 Combine the sentence with not only... but also or both...and.

1. The city suffers from air pollution. The city suffers from water pollution. ( both... and)

_____________________________________________________

2. He is interested in gardening. He is interested in collecting stamps. ( not only... but also)

_____________________________________________________

3. Solar energy is free. Solar is inexhaustible. ( both... and)

_____________________________________________________

4. In the summer school he studied writing. He studied how to increase his vocabulary. (not only... but.

also)

_____________________________________________________

5. I was usually tired when I arrived home from school. I was usually hungry too. (both... and)

_____________________________________________________

6. My sister can sing beautiful. She can play the guitar very well. (not only... but also)

_____________________________________________________

7. On the trip you can enjoy spectacular scenery. You can have a lot of outdoor activities. (both... and)

_____________________________________________________

8. He is good at math. He is good at English. (not only... but also)

_____________________________________________________

9. Joanna enjoys listening to rock music, so does her brother. (both... and)

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_____________________________________________________

10. She cleaned the house and she cooked the dinner. ( not only... but also)

Key:

1. The city suffers from both air pollution and water pollution.

2. He is interested in not only gardening but also collecting stamps.

3. Solar energy is both free and inexhaustible.

4. In the summer school he studied not only writing but also how to increase his vocabulary.

5. I was usually both tired and hungry when I arrived home from school.

6. My sister can not only sing beautiful but also play the guitar very well.

7. On the trip you can both enjoy spectacular scenery and have a Iot of outdoor activities.

8. He is good not only at math but also at English.

9. Both Joanna and her brother enjoy listening to rock music.

10. She not only cleaned the house but also cooked the dinner

2. Cleft constructions

Cleft constructions with the pattern below

Form: It + be+ danh từ / đại từ + mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

1. Subject focus

It is/was + S+ that/who +verb: 2. Object focus

- It is she who/that teaches me to learn English

2. Object focus

It is/was + O+ that/who(m)+ S +verb

- It was the boy that we met yesterday

3. Adverbial focus

It is/was + adverbial of place + that+ S+verb+…

- It was at the shop that I met her a few years ago

 Passive: it is/ was... that + passive voice.

eg: it is/ was the dog that was hit in the gardent.

It is the house that was talked a lot about.

Exercise1. Rewrite the following sentences using the structure it is/ was... that + passive voice.

1. It was Mr. Johnson that every student respected to.

_______________________________________________________

2. It was in Bristol where they made the film.

_______________________________________________________

3. It was the manager that we saw.

_______________________________________________________

4. It was wine that we ordered.

_______________________________________________________

5. It is the English exam that the students most worry about.

_______________________________________________________

6. It is pop music that my brother prefers.

_______________________________________________________

7. It is Tet that Vietnameses celebrate, as the greatest occasion in a year.

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_______________________________________________________

8. It was the computer that my parents gave me as a birthday present.

_______________________________________________________

9. It is Santa Clause who most children are waiting for on Christmas Eve.

_______________________________________________________

10. It is English that people all over the world use.

_______________________________________________________

Key:

1. It was Mr John son that was respected to by every student.

2. It was in BristoI that the film was made.

3. It was the manager that was seen.

4. It was wine that was ordered.

5. It is the English exam that is most worried about by the students.

6. It is pop music that is prefered by my brother.

7. It is Tet that is celebrated as the greatest occasion in a year by Vietnameses.

8. It was the computer that was given to me as a birthday present by my parents.

9. It is Santa Clause that is been waiting for on Christmas Eve by most children.

10.It is English that is used by people all over the world

Exercise 2 : Choose the best answer for each of the following question.

1. It is the room _______ we usually hold our meetings.

A. that

B. why

C. where

D. when

2. It’s my brother ________ gave me this hat on my birthday.

A. he

B. whose

C. which

D. who

3. It was a letter __________ she received from her aunt yesterday.

A. that

B. whom

C. it

D. where

4. It is __________ who I want to make friend with.

A. she

B. her

C. hers

D. she’s

5. It was in New York ___________ I first met her ten years ago.

A. there

B. where

C. that

D. which

6. It ___________ English that the man is learning in the classroom.

A. is

B. was

C. be

D. were

7. It ___________ at the bank that the wanted man changed the money.

A. is

B. was

C. being

D. were

8. It was the dog ___________ the boy hit in the garden.

A. where

B. in which

C. who

D. that

9. It is the student who _________ toward us.

A. is running

B. was running

C. ran

D. were running

10. It ___________ Peter and Sandra who travelled together on the ship to Asia.

A. is

B. was

C. be

D. were



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3. Thứ tự sắp xếp tính từ trong tiếng anh chuẩn nhất

Khi dùng từ 2 tính từ trở lên để miêu tả cho một danh từ, nếu các tính từ cùng loại thì ta phân cách

chúng bằng dấu phẩy, còn nếu khác loại thì ta xếp chúng cạnh nhau. Trật tự các tính từ được quy định

theo thứ tự sau: Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose.

1



2



3



4



General

opinion



Specific

opinion



Size



Age



5



6



7



Shape Colour Nationality/origin



Tính từ chỉ

Tính từ chỉ

Tính từ

Tính

Tính từ

quan điểm, ý quan điểm, ý

chỉ

Tính từ Tính từ chỉ quốc

từ chỉ

chỉ hình

kiến một cách kiến một cách

tuổi

màu sắc tịch, nguồn gốc

kích cỡ

dạng

chung chung

cụ thể

tác

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•



8

Material



Tính từ chất

liệ



Opinion – tính từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Ví dụ: beautiful, wonderful, terrible…

Size – tính từ chỉ kích cỡ. Ví dụ: big, small, long, short, tall…

Age – tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Ví dụ: old, young, old, new…

Color – tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Ví dụ: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown ….

Origin – tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Ví dụ: Japanese,American, British,Vietnamese…

Material – tính từ chỉ chất liệu . Ví dụ: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk…

Purpose – tính từ chỉ mục đích: swimming, wedding, riding, sleeping, flower,…

Danh từ (noun)

Một ví dụ khác: Japanese/ a/ car/ new/ red / big/ luxurious/

+ Ta sẽ sắp xếp như sau: a luxurious big new red Japanese car. Hi vọng helpful tips trên sẽ thật sự hữu

ích với các bạn trong việc ghi nhớ trật tự các tính từ trong tiếng anh.

Eg: In my nice big flat there’s an old round box for my green

Swiss hat my my wooly walking stocks

1.opinion

2.size 3.age 4.shape

5.color

6.country

7.material

8.purpose

Ví dụ: A blue English plastic swimming glasses Một cái kính bơi bằng nhựa màu xanh da trời xuất xứ

từ Anh A red Spanish wine cup Một ly rượu đỏ từ Tây Ban Nha An white American cotton shirt Một

chiếc áo sơ mi cotton từ Mỹ

Exercise 1: Choose an adjective below to put in the suitable box on the right

To me, one of my good friends is Phong. Phong is seventeen. He has brown hair, a broad forehead, a

straight nose and blue eyes. He is very good-looking. He has a kind heart and is easy to get on with

everybody. We have been friends for a very long time. We are the best pupils in our class. Nam is

always at the top. He is good at every subject, but he never shows pride in his abilities and always tries

to learn harder.

Loại tính từ

Opinion (ý kiến)

Size (kích thước)

Age (tuổi thọ)

Shape (Hình dạng)

Color (Màu sắc)



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Origin (Nguồn gốc)

Material (Chất liệu)

Purpose (Mục đích)

Key:

Exercise 1: Choose an adjective below to put in the suitable box on the right

To me, one of my good friends is Phong. Phong is seventeen. He has brown hair, a broad forehead,

a straight nose and blue eyes. He is very good-looking. He has a kind heart and is easy to get on with

everybody. We have been friends for a very long time. We are the best pupils in our class. Nam is

always at the top. He isgood at every subject, but he never shows pride in his abilities and always tries

to learn harder.



Loại tính từ



Tính từ



Opinion (ý kiến)



Good, good-looking, kind, easy, best



Size (kích thước)



Broad, long



Age (tuổi thọ)

Shape (Hình dạng)



straight



Color (Màu sắc)



Brown, blue



Origin (Nguồn gốc)

Material (Chất liệu)

Purpose (Mục đích)

Exercise 2: Choose an adjective below to put in the suitable box on the right

interesting

round

great

pink

young

old

oval

rectangular

square

thick

Vietnamese

grey

thin

attractive

black

racing

walking



Loại tính từ



long

woolen



Tính từ



Opinion (ý kiến)

Size (kích thước)

Age (tuổi thọ)

Shape (Hình dạng)

Color (Màu sắc)

Origin (Nguồn gốc)

Material (Chất liệu)

Purpose (Mục đích)

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