PHẦN III. KẾT LUẬN VÀ KHUYẾN NGHỊ

ndng dan cd dieu kien Ihuan loi xay dung trang trai. Dac biet la cac trang

trai trdng cSy hoa qua. Yen tam dau tu trdng cay hoa qua gdp phan phat

trien kinh te da't nude.

3. van de thj trudng gia ca nhu cau san xuat cdn nhieu bat edng, ca

hgi cho nhirng ngudi cd vdn va bat lgi cho nhung ngudi ndng dan ngheo.

Vi vay viec dieu tiet ciia Nha nude la het sue can th.ei de cac hd ndng dan

trdng cay hoa qua dat hieu qua cao.

Tdm lgi: Thdng qua nhu'ng phae thao so bd ve nhan Ihuc tha. dd.

hanh vi cua cac hg ndng dan ve trdng cay hoa qua cung nhu phan lich kha.

qual ve mot sd bieu hien cua hanh vi kinh te ciia eae hd ndng dan. Chiing

tdi de xuat bdn nhdm giai phap co ban vdi mong mudn cac nha hoiieh dinh

chinh sach cd them tu lieu tham khao khi ra nhirng quyei dinh xay dung

chinh sach ndng nghiep phi. hgp vdi diem kien. dac d.em phong tuc lap

quan cua ngudi ndng dan dac biet cac hd ndng dan mien nui cd nhieu eo

hgi phat trien trong thdi ky md cua hdi nhap qudc le.

Z.MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG ( AO HOAT m')N(; SAN XI AT

CUA CAC HO NONG DAN MI^N NUI

Giiii phap 1: Day manh tuyen truyen, phd bien chuong trinh irdng

cay an qua Iren cac phuang tien ihdng tin dai chiing nhfim nang cao nhan

thurc ve tam quan trgng cua viec trdng cay hoa qua.

Cd the thay khdng phiii hien nhien mil chiing loi chon giiii phap

" Daiy miinh tuyen truyen. phd bien chuang irinh trdng ca\ an qua tren eae

phuang tien thdng tin diii chiing nham nang cao nhan thuc \c lam quan

Irong cua vice Irdng cay hoa quii" lii giiii phiip thir nhat ma qua quii trinh

nghien cu'u thuc nghiem d hai xii Quang Tliuiin \ a Ddn Phong cua cac hd

ndng dan lidng cay hoa quii. Chung tdi lhii\ rang dc san xuiit ca\ hoa qua

dill chii't lugng cao thi ciic hd ndng diin nhung ngirdi true ticp san xuat phai

cd nhiin thuc vii thai do dung dan. cd sir hicu bict \c tam quan trong \a loi

ich kinh Ic ciia cay hoa qua. Bdi \i ncii ciic hd ndng dan cdn nhan thuc

chua diing, chua dii\ du \c uim quan trong cua ca\ hoa qua ihi cac hg

76



ndng dan chua cd quyet tam san xuat va su dung het cac ngudn luc da vdn

C nhu: Dat dai, ngudn nhan luc, khi hau... nhan thuc sa. lam dan den

O

nhung quyet dinh sai lam anh hudng tdi qua trinh san xuat.

De nang cao nhan thuc cua cac hd ndng dan ve tam quan trong cua

viec trdng cay hoa qua. Dac biet gdp phan trong edng cude xoa dd. g.am

ngheo. Viec nang cao nhan thue nay kha mat nh.eu thdi g.an. edng sue va

tien bac. Cach thiJc hieu qua nhal de cd the giiip cac hd ndng dan Ihay ddi

thai do va hanh vi san xual theo phuong thuc san xual truyen thdng sang

san xuat trdng cay hoa qua nhu la san xual hing hoa dd. ho, pha. day

manh tuyen truydn phd bien qua cac phuong lien Ihdng im dai chung.

Chinh vi the giiii phap nay dugc coi la giai phap cd tiim quan trong dac

biet.

Nhung ddi tur/ng cdn dugc lap trung tuxin truxen phd hie

Thuc te nghien curu d hai xa Quang Tliuan va Ddn Phong cluing id

thay de nang cao nhan Ihirc ve lam quan trong vice trdng cay an qua. Vdi

truyen thdng ... " le lang" da cd tir hiu ddi. Quyen eiia " Giii lang



trudng



ban" do dd can phiii quan tam idi cac ddi tugng sau:

- Nhii quiin ly ( cac can bd cap xa. cac hicp hdi : Hdi ndng dan. hdi

phu nir ... Doan thanh nien. Chi bd Diing, Hdi cuu chien binh). Ngudi

quiin ly d day mudn ndi Idi nhirng ngudi dung diiu cac co .sd id chuc. cac

hiep hdi... Nhirng ngudi nay trudc lien phiii dugc hoe uip. duac linh hdi ve

kien thuc khoa hgc vc tam quan trgng eiia chien luge phat tncn cay hoa

qua. Chi ed nhu vay thi ngudi quiin ly ( ngudi dung diiu ciia lang) mdi \ach

ra djnh hudng phiit trien siin xuai diing dan phu hgp vdi nen kinh te thi

truong

- Nang cao nhiin thuc ciia ciic ciin bd khdng phai hi \iee d(tn gian.

ddi ho. phiii cd cac lap Uip huan. cd ehuyen gia trinh dd cao. gioi ehuyen

mdn nghiep vu va giiiu kinh nghiem tu \iVn Tir do ciic ciin bo xa hudng

diin cho ndng dan. tu>cn tru>en \a phd bien cho nhan dan.



77



- Cac hd ndng dan: Trong pham vi luan van nay cac hd ndng dan la

nhiJng ngudi true tiep lao dgng san xuat cay hoa qua. Hg la ngudi bd ra sue

luc tri tue, va cQng la ngudi thu lai ket qua sire lire tri tue da bd ra. Tuy

nhien viec nang cao nhan thurc ve tam quan trgng trdng cay hoa qua khdng

phai la van de de, rat khd khan. Bdi cac hd ndng dan quen lao ddng iheo

phuang hudng truyen thdng tir hang tram nam, tu ddi nay truyen sang ddi

khac. Ngudi lao dgng gan bd doan ket vdi nhau theo phong luc lap quan

cong ddng lang ban. Vi vay viec nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi lao ddng

ma cu the la cac hg ndng dan het su'c can thiet giup hg cd lap trudng rd

rang trong sir quyet dinh lira chgn san xuat. Cd linh than chi. ddng trong

san xuat. Vai trd cua minh trong qua trinh san xuat, huy ddng dugc mgi

kha nang cd the cho san xuat.

- Phu nir: La ddi tugng lao ddng chinh d ddng bao cac dan toe mien

nui, hg vijra la ngudi ndi trg trong gia dinh va cung vira la lire lugng lao

ddng chinh, lao ddng true tiep irong qua irinh trdng cay hoa quii. Vi vay

cong tac tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc, khuyen khich hg trong qua

trinh lao ddng san xuat.

- Hgc sinh: Day la ddi tugng dugc dao lao de trd thanh nhurng can

bg, hoac ngudi lao ddng lanh nghe trong tuong lai. Hgc sinh vira la ngudn

luc lao ddng true tiep cua gia dinh vao quii irinh phat trien kinh tc hd gia

dinh. Ddi tugng nay cdn dang ngdi tren ghe nha irudng. tiep ihu nhung

thanh tuu khoa hgc ky thual, ed the ap dung lao ddng san xuat ngay Iren

manh dat nha minh. Viec nang cao nhan thuc ve lam quan irgng san xual

cay hoa qua cho hgc sinh ddng bao dan ide mien nui la het sue can thiei va

quan trgng.

Hinh thifc tuyen truyen, gido due, phd bien.

De nang cao hieu quii siin xuiii viec tuyen truyen. giao due. phd

bien, nang cao tam quim trgng cua cay an quii phiii sir dung cac hinh thuc



78



tuyen truyen. Tuyen truy.n, g,ao due, phd b.en cd ra. nhieu hinh thfc



rat



da dang va hSp dan cd sfc cuan hut dot tuong ngay cang manh



me.

Cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing: ( Sach. bao, truydn hinh. mang



Internet...) dac biet d hai xa m.Sn nui Quang Tliuan - Don Phong thdng

qua phat thanh d.a phuong cua xa ttr 17h chi6u den I9h tdi ( ti. 5h sang

den 7h sang).

Cac boat ddng khuech chuong trien lam ( trien lam. hd. chg, xay

dung cac cuoc thi tim hieu ve san xual cay hoa qua tren dia ban xa.

Cac hoat ddng cua cac hiep hdi: Hdi phu nu, Hdi ndng dan. Hdi Cuu

chien binh xa ... Doan thanh nien, Chi bd Diing...

Tai lieu, id roi, bang rdn, bieu ngir.

Nhu vay thdng tin phai dugc sir dung da dang, phong phii. nhieu

chieu, cd nhu vay mdi tan dung dugc giii tri va phat huy duoc lac dung cua

cac hinh thuc luyen truyen, giao due, phd bien. ed nghia la chung ta can

phai tich cue cung cap thdng tin cho cac hd ndng dan dc ho co chien luoc

san xual. Mat khac phai lang nghe y kien eiia cac hd ndng dan phan hoi lai

de nam bat dugc tac dung cua edng lac tuyen truyen. giao due. phd bien ed

the danh gia dugc nhan thu'c cua hg dugc idi dau.

Dieu quan trgng la chii ddng long ghep ndi dung luyen truyen. giao

due, pho bien ve tam quan trgng ciia viec trdng cay an qua \ao cac hoat

dgng qua cac hiep hdi, doan the.

Vi du: Mgi sd chuong irinh thi phu nu hai gioi d Hgi ndng dan

" Diim vice nha - gidi san xuat" d hai xil Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong dii thu

hiit duoc nhieu hd ndng dan quan lam cd lac dung nang cao nhiin thurc

trong Siin xuat.

Tdm liii: Tuyen truyen. phd hicn. guio due. dc nang cao nhan thue

ve liim quan trgng trdng cay hoa quii la mdt giai phap ddi hoi nhieu thdi

gian, edng sue, va tai lire. Song nd ed lac dung ihiie day ngudi lao dong san

xual diin diin chu\cn ddi Idi san xuiit truyen thong sang hien dai phu hop



79



vdi nen kinh te thi trudng. Vi vay nha nude can phai cd chien luge tuye

en

truyen. giao due, phd bien ve t^m quan trgng cua loai hinh cay trdng trong

cong cuoc chuye'n ddi ca cau cay trdng. Vi vay can phai dau tu hieu qua

thich dang trong cong cuoc chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng.

Giai phap 2: Huy ddng va su dung dai dai cd hieu qua cua cac hd

ndng dan.

De khai thac tot nhat quy dat chua sir dung ciia eae hd ndng dan dia

ban hai xa Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong ma trong bai luan van chung idi

nghien ciiru cung nhu nang cao hieu qua sir dung long quy dai ndng ngh.ep

hien tai cua hai xa la mdt trong nhiing nhan id lac ddng irire tiep tdi hanh

vi trdng cay hoa qua cua cac hd ndng dan thi giai phap huy ddng va sir

dung cd hieu quii dat dai la mdt giiii phap quan irgng co ban eiia dia ban

hai xa vi vay de giiii phap nay cd hieu quii trudc lien phiii lien hanh quy

hoach va lap ke hoach sir dung dat d tirng dia phuong theo yeu ciiu mdi

( san xual cay hoa quii trong quii Irinh chuycm ddi ca ciiu cay trdng) de

thiic daiy cac hd ndng dan sir dung ed hieu quii diit dai hicn co \a ed dieu

kien md rdng siin xuat tren quy dat chua sir dung, ehua dugc khai thac.

Tren CO sd dd cd quy hoiieh eiirng va quy hoach mem.

Quy hoach cirng: Mang linh dai hiin theo muc lieu ciia Chinh phu

xac djnh, Nha nude cd chinh sach biio hd khi siin xual gap phai riii ro tren

thj trudng hoac bien ddng ve gia cii nha nude can ihiep.

Quy hoach mem: La quy hoiich mang linh ngan han iheo dong thai

thay ddi cua thj trudng siin phiiim ndng nghiep. Nhii nude dua ra ciic chi

bao can thiet ve thi irudng. nhirng siin phiim phii hgp co the phat men de

ndng dan va nhung ngudi sir dung diii ndng nghiep xem xet. tham khao va

quyet djnh diiu lU. thi IrUdng se lii ngUdi Uio ra ea ciiu san xual mdi cho eae

vung mien, uen co sd ngudi sir dung dugc liep can tdi nhat vdi nhung tin

hieu cua thi trudng.



80



Do vay san xuat cay hoa qua cua cac hd ndng dan mien nui thuoc

dien quy hoach mem. Giai phap tot nhal de cac hd ndng dan san xuat cd

hieu qua chinh su anh hudng cua ngudn lire dat dai dd la:

Phai cd ke hoach su dung dai dai that linh hoat phi. hgp vdi su thay

ddi ciia dieu kien khach quan.

Do dieu kien thj trudng hoa qua bien ddng khdng ngirng d6ng thd.

cac thanh tuu khoa hgc edng nghiep ndng nghiep cung phat irien rat nhanh

da tac dgng den quyei djnh san xual cua ngudi ndng dan. Vi vay tai yeu

phai dat ra ke hoach sir dung dat trdng cay hoa qua di trudc mdt bude. do

tinh dugc xu hudng chinh cua bien ddng ve thi irudng san pham va tien do

cong nghe ddng vai trd hudng dan ngudi ndng dan phat trien san xuat theo

tin hieu thj trudng.

v . vay phiii ed ke hoach sir dung diit dugc xay dung dc hudng diin

cac hd ndng dan Iham gia vao siin xual.

Quy hoach dai han

Quy hoiich ngiin hiin

Gan vdi vice sir dung dat trdng cay an qua la vice biio \c ngudn loi

tu nhien trong Idng dai.

Thur hai: Thiic day eae hg ndng dan sir dung dai trdng cay hoa qua

quan tam tdi hieu quii khai thac dat.

Xac djnh ro va edng khai hoa nhirng quy dinh ve eae che do su dung

dat. Trach nhiem eiia ngudi sir dung ddi vdi diit ndng nghiep.

Bdi vi vice sir dung cd hicu quii ngudn luc diii ndng nghiep phu

thuoc rai nhicu vao ihiii do va sir hieu bict cua ngudi su dung, ma thai do

va ngudi sir dung hii phu thude \ao nhung quy dinh mang tinh phap luat ve

da't dai.

Hd tra cac ndng diin gidi giiim tinh trang manh miin dat nong

nghiep giin vdi quy hoi^ich lai sir dung d;it ndng nghiep ticn dia ban xa.



81



Trong nhirng nam gan day do nhu cau phat trien san xual cay hoa

qua tren quy md Idn, c^n cd chinh sach hd trg kjp thdi khuyen khich cac

ho ndng dan tu nguyen ddi vudn dat cho nhau de giam sd lugng manh tang

quy md cac manh tien lgi cho quy hoach phat trien cay hoa qua va hudng

phat trien trang trai cua mot sd hd gia dinh.

Giai phap 3: Tang cudng chi phi cho san xuat cay hoa qua ciia cac

hg ndng dan.

De phat trien quy md trdng cay an qua ciia eae hd ndng dan mien

nui. Qua nghien cuu thuc nghiem d hai xa Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong cho

thay can phai cd giai phap hiru hicu tang cudng chi phi cho sdn xuat cay

hoa qua.

Thir nhat: Tan dung cac vdn dau lu phat irien tir ngudn ngan sach va

cac ngudn hd trg, hudng diin cu the cac hd ndng dim sir dung ciic vdn dau

tu cu the vao siin xuat.

Thd hai: Sir dung dung hudng ngudn vdn vay theo ehinh siich uu dai

ddi vdi cac hd ndng dan irdng cay hoa quii.

De sir dung dung hudng ngudn vdn vay theo chinh sach uu dai can

thuc hien cac giiii phap sau:

- Dua ra sd ehi lieu ve sd ngudi dugc huong loi lir \dn tin dung uu

dai.

- Md rdng phuong thuc licp Ciin \di ngudi ngheo. thudng xu>en

kiem Ira giam sal viec sir dung vdn, ihang than phe binh nhung ho ndng

dan khdng sir dung vdn ed hicu quii.

- Giiim thi. luc phien loai. khd khi'in tiong \iee \a> \dn cua ngudi

ngheo, liio dieu kien dc' ngudi ngheo true tiep nhan duoc \dn.

Chi phi Siin xuiil cho vice lidng cay hoa quii la yeu ciiu thiei thuc. de

giilp cac hd ndng dan cd dieu kicn md rdng qu> mo san xual. Nhirng nguc

udi

dugc vay vdn tin dung uu dai \ ice hoach dinh ehinh sach \a chi lieu de ea

ac

hd ndng dan lap kc hoach phat tncn ciu> mo xa dau tu trong cay hoa qua



82



dat hieu qua. Ttnh tinh trang thieu vdn tran lan khdng cd vdn da chi phf

cho vtec Cham sdc, viec ndng dan trdng nhteu gio dat Ichdng cd hieu qua

ve nang suat.

Viec md rdng viec tiep can vdi ngud. ngheo, de giup cac hd ndng dan

ngheo true tiep dugc vay vdn phat trien trdng cay hoa qua, v.ec kiem tra

giam sat su dung la het sue can thiet. Nang cao l.nh than trach nh.em trudc

sd vdn vay la bien phap kich thich san xual dat hieu qua.

Hien nay viec vay vdn cdn nhieu thi. luc nhu ke hoach ira ng, sir kha

thi cua ke hoach tra ng ci.a cac hd ndng dan ngheo. Van de vay vdn ciia

cac hd ndng dan ngheo cdn nhieu bat cap, viec lao dieu kien cho ngudi

ngheo vay vdn de true liep san xual la het sue can thiet. Ngudi ngheo cd

vdn de chi phi cho siin xual. Nang cao hieu qua ehai luong lao ddng.

Giai phap 4: Tang cudng sir doan kei irong td chuc san xual ciia edng

ddng lang biin.

Doan ke't la mdt hicn lugng xa hdi trong quii irinh Xil hdi hoa. hdi

nhap khu vuc, san xual cua edng ddng lang ban ed nhieu bien ddi. TUN

nhien su gan ket dd cung chju sir Uic ddng ciia kinh tc thi trudng dc phat

huy tinh tich cue ciia su doan kei trong id chuc san xuai eiia edng ddng

lang bdn. Chiing tdi xin de xual mdi sd y kien sau:

Day miinh su dii, hien diii hoa. phat Irien kinh tc xa hoi. Khuyen

khich va lao dieu kien hd trg lan nhau giua eae hd ndng dan ciing nhau

doan ke't xay dung quy md san xuai Irong ciing edng ddng lang ban. cd

nhu'ng hinh thire bieu duang nhurng hd ndng dan him kinh te gidi. quiin ly

Siin xuai gidi, chia se cac kinh nghiem lao ddng. san xuai giua eae hd ndng

dan khdng phan chia dan Idc. lao su doim kei giira Ciie diin toe lai vdi nhau.

Ciic hd ndng dan Irong edng ddng limg ban thue hien tdi chinh sach

dan tdc, binh diing doiin ket. tuong tro. giup dd Ian nhau ciing phat Irien.

cung nhau doim kei xay dung md hinh kinh tc lan nhu trang trai - nong

tiai, phai trien irdng ca> an qua khong phai ehi de tieu diing mi. nhu la san

xual hang hoii. Cim- nhau cham lo ddi sdng vat chat xa tinh than, thuc



83



hien xoa ddi giam ngheo md mang dan tri, gio gin, lam giau va phat huy

ban sac van hoa dan tdc.

<^

f

j

Doan ket gitta cac dan tdc khdng phan chia cac dan tdc mien xudi va

dan joc mten ntii, ngudi sd thj va ngudi mdi nhap cu, khdng ch,a re dan tdc

gan bo ttnh doan ket g.ua cac dan toe de' cung nhau xay dung va phat trian

kinhte

Day manh su doan ket giira cac dan tdc la mdt g.a. phap thuc dav cac

hg ndng dan phat tridn san xuat. Dae biei la phat trie'n trdng cay hoa qui.

Nhin tir gde do xa hdi hoa thi day la nhan td thiic day sir hgp sue hop Idng

cua cac hd ndng dan phat trien kinh te irong su nghiep edng ngh.ep hoa.

hien dai hoa dai nude.

Ddi mdi cac Ihuc id chuc lao ddng, giu gin bin sac dan tdc. ihue hien

nep sdng van hoa van minh dan chi. irong to chuc sdn xuiit trong cay hoa

qua.

Cac hd ndng dan mien nui vdn ed truyen ihdng la ciin cii. cham ehi.

mot nang hai suong vdi edng vice rudng ddng. id chuc san xual cd su lien

ket giira cac hd. Tan dung dugc sue lao ddng va thuc hien duoc quy md siin

xual Idn. Do la mat lieh cue trong qua trinh id chuc san xuai cay hoa qua.

Tuy nhien trong viec id chire san xuiii hicn nay cdn ton dgng. Nhu edng

tac tuyen truyen van ddng cac hd ndng dan ihuc hit;n an udng. ruou che

gay mat doan kei trong ndi bd nhan dan. Tliue hien nep sdng van minh dan

chu. Cach thuc id chirc lao ddng rudm ra. nang ve hinh thue phong tuc tap

quan nhu viec ddi edng phiii gan vdi rugu che, han che sure lao ddng, gay

lang phi trong chi phi siin xuat.

Ddi mdi edng lac id churc siin xuat. giiim chi phi cho hinh thuc ddi

cong cd truyen gianh chi phi diiu lu cho khoa hoc ky ihuiit vii phat hu\ sue

lao ddng cua nhung ngirdi true liep tham gia lao ddng.



84



TAI LI$U



THAM KHAO



l.Regina Abrami. " Kinh te ndng thdn - mdt sd gh. nhan ve nhirng

mdi quan he xa hgi va nghien eiJu xa hdi hgc ve nhirng ngudi lao ddng va

budn ban rong tai Ha Ndi". Tap chi Xa hdi hgc, sd 4/1997. Tr. 55 - 69.

2.Paul Albou. Tam ly hgc kinh le. NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi. Ha Ndi.

1997. Tr. 33 - 37.

3.Chung a va Nguyen Dinh Tan ( chu bien). nghien ciru xa hdi hoe.

NXB. Chinh trj qudc gia. Ha Ndi. 1997.

4.Ph. Angghen. " Chdng Duy - Rinh" ( 1886). irong C.Mac - Ph.

Angghen Toan tap. NXB. Chinh trj qudc gia. Sir thai. Ha Ndi. 1994. Tap

20. Tr45.

5.Ph. Angghen. " Tinh canh cua giai cap lao ddng d nude Anh:

trong C.Mac - Ph. Angghen Toan tap NXB. Chinh tri Qudc gia sir that. Ha

Ndi. 1995. Tap hai. Tr.36.

6.Le Xuan Ba - Nguyln Tlij Kim Dung - Tran Hiru Huan. Mdt sd

van de ve phat trien thj irudng lao ddng d Viet Nam. NXB. Khoa hgc ky

thuat. Ha Ndi. 2003. Tr. 269.

7.Gary Becker. " Nhin cude sdng lir giac do kinh le^\ trong cac

thuyet trinh ... 1991 - 1995. Tr. 94.

8.James Buchanan. " Hien phap cua chinh sach kinh te^". irong cac

thuyet trinh tai le trao gia thudng Nobel ve khoa hoc kinh le 1981 - 1990.

NXB. Chinh Irj Qudc gia. Ha Ndi. 2000. Tr. 302.

9.Robert Chambers. Phiit trien ndng ihdn: Hay bat diiu tir nhirng

ngudi ngheo khd. NXB. Dai hgc vii giao due ehuyen nghiep. Ha Ndi. 1991.

lO.Tdn Thien Chieu. " Quan he xa hdi irong xi nghiep cua edng

nhan edng nghiep". Tap ehi xa hd. hoc. ScS 2/ 1996. Tr. 38



85



58.